Recent increases in mpox cases in several regions, including parts of Brazil and Central Africa, and the emergence of the Clade Ib strain, highlight the need for continued vigilance onboard vessels. Ships operate in close‑living environments where infectious diseases can spread rapidly if not identified and managed promptly. Awareness and early intervention are therefore essential.
Overview and Relevance to Ship Operations
Mpox is a viral infection transmitted primarily through close physical contact, including contact with skin lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets during prolonged interaction, or contaminated materials such as clothing or bedding.
While it is generally less contagious than common respiratory illnesses, the communal nature of shipboard life increases the risk of onboard transmission if appropriate precautions are not taken.
Recognition of Symptoms
Symptoms typically develop between 5-21 days after exposure. Early signs often include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, followed by the appearance of a rash. Lesions may be localised or widespread and can be painful.
Crew should be encouraged to report symptoms immediately to the Master or designated medical officer. Prompt reporting should be supported by a non‑punitive approach to minimise the risk of further spread.
Preventive Measures Onboard
Effective hygiene practices remain the primary means of prevention. These include regular handwashing, use of alcohol‑based hand sanitiser, and avoiding the sharing of towels, bedding, and clothing. Cabins and communal areas should be kept clean and well ventilated, with frequent disinfection of high‑touch surfaces.
When calling at ports experiencing outbreaks, crew should exercise caution during shore leave and avoid contact with individuals or animals showing signs of illness.
Response to a Suspected Case
If mpox is suspected, the affected crew member should be isolated immediately, ideally in a single cabin with restricted access. Lesions should be covered, and face masks worn where close contact cannot be avoided.
Crew providing care should use gloves and appropriate basic protective equipment. Enhanced cleaning and disinfection should be implemented in shared areas.
Telemedical advice should be sought without delay, and port health authorities notified in accordance with local and flag State requirements. Medical evacuation may be required if symptoms deteriorate or effective isolation cannot be maintained onboard.
Operator Responsibilities Under the ISM Code
Under the ISM Code, ship operators are required to maintain procedures to protect crew health and safety.
Infectious disease management should be incorporated into the vessel’s Safety Management System, including clear illness reporting procedures, documented cleaning and sanitation measures, and adequate provision of protective equipment in medical lockers.
Masters should also be familiar with company and port health reporting requirements.
Conclusion
Protecting crew health is a shared responsibility. Early reporting, good hygiene, and clear onboard procedures significantly reduce the risk of mpox transmission and operational disruption.
Consistent application of these principles supports both crew wellbeing and safe vessel operations.
Source: NorthStandard